- published: 29 Apr 2013
- views: 1262
- author: VickyFreaky11
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
add
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
Radio Stations - Berlin
SEARCH FOR RADIOS
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 1896 Summer Olympics
- 1900 Summer Olympics
- 1904 Summer Olympics
- 1908 Summer Olympics
- 1912 Summer Olympics
- 1920 Summer Olympics
- 1920s Berlin
- 1924 Summer Olympics
- 1928 Summer Olympics
- 1932 Summer Olympics
- 1936 Summer Olympics
- 1940 Summer Olympics
- 1944 Summer Olympics
- 1948 Summer Olympics
- 1952 Summer Olympics
- 1956 Summer Olympics
- 1960 Summer Olympics
- 1964 Summer Olympics
- 1968 Summer Olympics
- 1972 Summer Olympics
- 1976 Summer Olympics
- 1980 Summer Olympics
- 1984 Summer Olympics
- 1988 Summer Olympics
- 1992 Summer Olympics
- 1996 Summer Olympics
- 2000 Summer Olympics
- 2004 Summer Olympics
- 2006 FIFA World Cup
- 2008 Summer Olympics
- 2012 Summer Olympics
- 2016 Summer Olympics
- Aachen
- ABC News (Australia)
- Abkhazia
- Accumulator (energy)
- Adlershof
- Adolf Hitler
- Afro-German
- Afro-Germans
- Air Berlin
- ALBA Berlin
- Albania
- Alexanderplatz
- Allied Kommandatura
- Allied Museum
- Alt-Hohenschönhausen
- Alt-Treptow
- Alte Försterei
- Alte Nationalgalerie
- Altes Museum
- Altglienicke
- Amsterdam
- Andorra
- Andorra la Vella
- Anglican
- Ankara
- Anklam
- Anthropomorphism
- Antwerp
- Arab League
- Arabs
- Arabs in Berlin
- Archaeopteryx
- Armenia
- Asia
- Association football
- Astana
- Atheist
- Athens
- Atlanta
- Augsburg
- Auschwitz
- Australia
- Austria
- Autobahn
- Avignon
- Axel Springer AG
- Azerbaijan
- Babelsberg Studios
- Baden-Württemberg
- Baku
- Balkans
- Baltic Sea
- Baptist
- Barcelona
- Barnim Plateau
- Battle of Berlin
- Bauhaus Archive
- Baumschulenweg
- Bavaria
- Beijing
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Belgrade
- Bergen
- Berghain
- Bergisch Gladbach
- Berlin
- Berlin airlift
- Berlin Blockade
- Berlin Cathedral
- Berlin dialect
- Berlin Film Festival
- Berlin Hauptbahnhof
- Berlin Marathon
- Berlin Philharmonic
- Berlin Police
- Berlin S-Bahn
- Berlin State Opera
- Berlin U-Bahn
- Berlin Wall
- Berlin-Bonn Act
- Berlin-Gesundbrunnen
- Berlin-Wedding
- Berliner (pastry)
- Berliner Dom
- Berliner Ensemble
- Berliner Fernsehturm
- Berliner Festspiele
- Berliner Morgenpost
- Berliner Zeitung
- Berlinerisch dialect
- Bern
- Berolina
- Bertolt Brecht
- Bielefeld
- Biesdorf (Berlin)
- Blankenburg (Berlin)
- Blankenfelde
- BMW Motorrad
- Bochum
- Bode Museum
- Bohemia
- Bohnsdorf
- Bologna
- Bonn
- Borsigwalde
- Boston, Lincolnshire
- Bottrop
- Brachiosaurus
- Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Gate
- Brandenburger Tor
- Bratislava
- Braunschweig
- Brazil
- Breitscheidplatz
- Bremen
- Bremen (state)
- Bremerhaven
- Bristol
- Britz
- Britzer Garten
- Broadsheet
- Bruges
- Brussels
- Bryggen
- Brücke Museum
- Buch (Berlin)
- Bucharest
- Buckow (Berlin)
- Budapest
- Buddhist
- Buddy Bear
- Buenos Aires
- Bulgaria
- Bundesgartenschau
- Bundesrat of Germany
- Bundestag
- BVG
- Canada
- Canisius-Kolleg
- Capital city
- Capital of Germany
- Category Berlin
- Central Europe
- Charging station
- Charité
- Charlottenburg
- Charlottenburg-Nord
- Checkpoint Charlie
- Chemnitz
- China
- Chişinău
- Christiane F.
- Cinema of Germany
- City of San Marino
- City-state
- Classical Greek
- Cold War
- Cologne
- Constituent country
- Copenhagen
- Cork (city)
- Corpus separatum
- Cottbus
- Counterculture
- Creative industries
- Croatia
- Crown Dependencies
- Culture in Berlin
- Currywurst
- Cycling in Berlin
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Cölln
- Dahlem (Berlin)
- Daimler AG
- Damme
- Daniel Barenboim
- Darmstadt
- Darłowo
- David Bowie
- DAX
- Daylight saving time
- Death camp
- Demmin
- Denmark
- Der Spiegel
- Der Tagesspiegel
- Deutsche Bahn
- Deutsche Oper
- Deutsche Welle
- Deutscher Dom
- Deutsches Theater
- Deventer
- Die Tageszeitung
- Die Welt
- Dortmund
- Douglas, Isle of Man
- Dresden
- Dublin
- Duisburg
- Döner kebab
- Düsseldorf
- E-Werk
- East Asia
- East Berlin
- East Germany
- East Side Gallery
- Eastern Bloc
- Eastern Europe
- Economy of Berlin
- Edict of Nantes
- Edict of Potsdam
- Education in Berlin
- Eisbein
- Eisbären Berlin
- Elbląg
- Elections in Berlin
- Enlightened monarch
- Erfurt
- Erlangen
- Essen
- Estonia
- Ethnic German
- Ethnic Germans
- EU-27
- Euro
- Europe
- European Plain
- European Union
- Exberliner
- Exclave
- Extravaganza
- Fair trade
- Falafel
- Falkenberg (Berlin)
- Falkenhagener Feld
- Falsterbo
- Faroe Islands
- Fennpfuhl
- Fernsehturm Berlin
- Finland
- First French Empire
- Fischerinsel
- FIVB
- Flag of Berlin
- Florence
- Folk etymology
- Folsom Europe
- Fortune Global 500
- France
- Frankfurt
- Frankfurt (Oder)
- Französisch Buchholz
- Französischer Dom
- Fraunhofer Society
- Frederick the Great
- Free imperial city
- Freiburg im Breisgau
- Friedenau
- Friedrichsfelde
- Friedrichshagen
- Friedrichshain
- Friedrichstraße
- Frohnau
- Funkturm Berlin
- Füchse Berlin
- Fürth
- Gatow
- Gdańsk
- Gelsenkirchen
- Gendarmenmarkt
- Genoa
- Geography of Berlin
- Georgia (country)
- German Chancellery
- German emperor
- German Empire
- German Jews
- German reunification
- Germany
- Gesundbrunnen
- Gibraltar
- Glacial valley
- Glasgow
- Google Maps
- Gordon Herbert
- Goslar
- Grade separation
- Graz
- Great Britain
- Great Yarmouth
- Greater Berlin Act
- Greater Middle East
- Greater Region
- Greece
- Greifswald
- Groningen
- Gropiusstadt
- Großer Wannsee
- Grundgesetz
- Grunewald
- Grünau (Berlin)
- Guernsey
- Guimarães
- Göttingen
- Hackesche Höfe
- Hackescher Markt
- Hagen
- Hakenfelde
- Halensee
- Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
- Hamburg
- Hamburger Bahnhof
- Hamm
- Hanover
- Hansaviertel
- Hanseatic League
- Haselhorst
- Havel
- Heidelberg
- Heilbronn
- Heiligensee
- Heinersdorf
- Hellersdorf
- Helsinki
- Herbert von Karajan
- Herford
- Hermsdorf (Berlin)
- Hertha BSC
- Hesse
- Hildesheim
- History of Berlin
- Hohenzollern
- Holocaust
- Holy Roman Empire
- Huguenot
- Humanism
- Humboldt University
- Hungary
- Hustlaball
- Ice hockey
- Iceland
- Ich bin ein Berliner
- IFA Berlin
- Ingolstadt
- InnoTrans
- INSEE
- Ipswich
- Iran
- Ishtar Gate
- Isle of Man
- ISO 3166
- Israel
- Istanbul
- Italy
- ITB Berlin
- Jakarta
- Japan
- JazzFest Berlin
- Jena
- Jersey
- Jewish Museum Berlin
- Johannesburg
- John F. Kennedy
- Jos Luhukay
- Joseph Stalin
- Junge Welt
- KaDeWe
- Kaliningrad
- Kampen, Overijssel
- Karl-Marx-Allee
- Karlshorst
- Karlsruhe
- Karow (Berlin)
- Kassel
- Kaulsdorf (Berlin)
- Kaunas
- Kazakhstan
- Kiel
- Kiev
- Kiez
- King's Lynn
- Kingdom of Prussia
- Kingston upon Hull
- KitKatClub
- Kladow
- Klaus Wowereit
- Knut (polar bear)
- Koblenz
- Komische Oper
- Konradshöhe
- Kontor
- Kosovo
- Kołobrzeg
- Košice
- Kraków
- Krefeld
- Kreuzberg
- Kristallnacht
- Kunst Haus Tacheles
- Kurfürstendamm
- Königsberg
- Köpenick
- Lahmacun
- Landeskirche
- Lankwitz
- Latin
- Latin America
- Latin Americans
- Latvia
- Leipzig
- Leith
- Leverkusen
- Lez Берлин
- Lichtenberg
- Lichtenrade
- Liechtenstein
- Lignite
- Lille
- Linz
- Lisbon
- Lithuania
- Liverpool
- Ljubljana
- London
- Longyearbyen
- Los Angeles
- Lothar Zagrosek
- Lower Saxony
- Ludwigshafen
- Lustgarten
- Lutheran
- Luxembourg
- Luxembourg (city)
- Lübars
- Lübeck
- Lüneburg
- Machtergreifung
- Madrid
- Magdeburg
- Mahlsdorf
- Mainz
- Malchow (Berlin)
- Malmö
- Malta
- Mannheim
- Maribor
- Mariehamn
- Mariendorf
- Marienfelde
- Marlene Dietrich
- Marseille
- Marxist-Leninist
- Marzahn
- Marzahn-Hellersdorf
- Max Planck Society
- Max-Schmeling-Halle
- Melbourne
- Metro Times
- Metropolitan area
- Mexico
- Mexico City
- Michelin guide
- Middle Easterners
- Mies van der Rohe
- Minsk
- Mitte
- Mitte (locality)
- Moabit
- Moers
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Mons
- Montenegro
- Montreal
- Moscow
- MTV Europe
- Multiracial
- Munich
- Museum Island
- Museum of Asian Art
- Music in Berlin
- Märkisches Viertel
- Mönchengladbach
- Müggelberge
- Müggelheim
- Müggelsee
- Mülheim
- Münster
- N24 (Germany)
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Nazi Germany
- Nazi Party
- Nefertiti Bust
- Neptunbrunnen
- Neptune (mythology)
- Netherlands
- Neu-Hohenschönhausen
- Neue Nationalgalerie
- Neues Deutschland
- Neues Museum
- Neukölln
- Neukölln (locality)
- Neuss
- New Apostolic Church
- New Hampshire
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- Nicosia
- Niederschöneweide
- Niederschönhausen
- Nikolaiviertel
- Nikolassee
- Nollendorfplatz
- North Nicosia
- Northern Cyprus
- Northern Europe
- Norway
- Nuremberg
- O2 World
- Oberhausen
- Oberschöneweide
- Offal
- Offenbach am Main
- Old Catholic
- Oldenburg
- Olympiastadion
- OpenStreetMap
- Opera house
- Operetta
- Oranienburger Straße
- Organic food
- Oslo
- Osnabrück
- Paderborn
- Pankow
- Pankow (locality)
- Paris
- Patras
- Pentecost
- Performing arts
- Pergamon Museum
- Peter Joseph Lenné
- Pforzheim
- Plattenbau
- Plzeň
- Plänterwald
- Podgorica
- Polabian language
- Poland
- Politics of Berlin
- Polotsk
- Popkomm
- Portal Berlin
- Portal Germany
- Porto
- Portugal
- Potsdam
- Potsdamer Platz
- Prague
- Prenzlauer Berg
- President of Germany
- Prince-elector
- Pristina
- Pskov Republic
- Public sector debt
- Publishing house
- Punk music
- Pécs
- Rahnsdorf
- Rathaus Schöneberg
- Recklinghausen
- Regensburg
- Reichstag (building)
- Reichstag building
- Reinickendorf
- Religion in Berlin
- Remscheid
- Renewable energy
- Republic of Ireland
- Reutlingen
- Reykjavík
- Rhineland-Palatinate
- Riga
- Rio de Janeiro
- River Spree
- Roaring Twenties
- Robert Koch
- Romania
- Rome
- Rosenthal (Berlin)
- Rostock
- Rotes Rathaus
- Rotterdam
- Rudolf Virchow
- Rudow
- Rummelsburg
- Russia
- Russians
- Saarbrücken
- Saarland
- Saint Helier
- Saint Peter Port
- Salamanca
- Salzgitter
- San Marino
- San Sebastián
- Sarajevo
- Saxony
- Saxony-Anhalt
- Schaubühne
- Schleswig-Holstein
- Schloss Bellevue
- Schmargendorf
- Schmöckwitz
- Schuttberg
- Schwerin
- Schöneberg
- Schönefeld Airport
- Senate of Berlin
- Seoul
- Serbia
- Sibiu
- Siegen
- Siegessäule
- Siemens
- Siemensstadt
- Simon Rattle
- Skopje
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Socialist Classicism
- Soest, Germany
- Sofia
- Software
- Solingen
- South Asia
- South Baden
- South Korea
- South Ossetia
- Southeast Asia
- Southern Europe
- Sovereignty
- Soviet Union
- Spain
- Spandau
- Spandau (locality)
- Sport in Berlin
- Spree
- St. Louis, Missouri
- St. Peter's Basilica
- Staaken
- Stadtschloss, Berlin
- Stargard Szczeciński
- Stasi
- Stasi Museum
- States of Germany
- Stavanger
- Steelyard
- Steglitz
- Steglitz-Zehlendorf
- Stepanakert
- Stockholm
- Stralsund
- Straße des 17. Juni
- Stuttgart
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- Sub-Saharan Africans
- Sukhumi
- Summer Olympic Games
- Sustainability
- Svalbard
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Sydney
- Szczecin
- Słupsk
- Tallinn
- Tartu
- Tashkent
- Tbilisi
- Team handball
- Techno
- Tegel
- Tegel Airport
- Tempelhof
- Tempelhof-Schöneberg
- Temperate
- Template Berlin
- Template talk Berlin
- Teufelsberg
- The Americas
- The Enlightenment
- The Independent
- The Left (Germany)
- Theater des Westens
- Thessaloniki
- Third Reich
- Thirty Years' War
- Thuringia
- Tiergarten
- Time (magazine)
- Time zone
- Tirana
- Tiraspol
- Tokyo
- Toruń
- Transmediale
- Transnistria
- Transport in Berlin
- Treptow
- Treptow-Köpenick
- Treptower Park
- Tresor
- Trier
- Triton (mythology)
- Tskhinvali
- Turkey
- Turks
- Turks in Berlin
- Turks in Germany
- Turku
- Tórshavn
- Tübingen
- Ufo (Club, Berlin)
- Ukraine
- Ulm
- Umeå
- UNESCO
- United church
- United Kingdom
- United Methodist
- United States
- Universal Music
- University hospital
- Universum Film AG
- Unter den Linden
- USA
- UTC+1
- UTC+2
- Uwe Neuhaus
- Vaduz
- Valletta
- Vatican City
- Vattenfall
- Vegan
- Vegetarian
- Veliky Novgorod
- Vep Berlin
- Vienna
- Viktoriapark
- Vilnius
- Visby
- Viva (TV station)
- Volksbühne
- Waidmannslust
- Walter de Gruyter
- Wannsee
- Warsaw
- Warsaw Pact
- Wartenberg (Berlin)
- Wedding (Berlin)
- Weimar
- Weimar Republic
- Weissensee (Berlin)
- West Berlin
- West German
- West Germany
- West Slavs
- West-Berlin
- Westend (Berlin)
- Western Allies
- Western Asia
- Western Europe
- White people
- Wiesbaden
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Wikisource
- Wikitravel
- Wilhelmsruh
- Wilhelmstadt
- Willy Brandt
- Wilmersdorf
- Windhoek
- Wismar
- Wittenau
- Wolfsburg
- World city
- World Heritage Site
- World War I
- World War II
- WP IPA for German
- Wrocław
- Wuppertal
- Württemberg-Baden
- Würzburg
- Yerevan
- York
- Yugoslavia
- Zagreb
- Zehlendorf (Berlin)
- Zwin
- ÅF Golden League
- Åland Islands
- 1908 Summer Olympics
- 1992 Summer Olympics
- Abkhazia
- Albania
- Alexanderplatz
- Allied Museum
- Alte Nationalgalerie
- Altes Museum
- Amsterdam
- Andorra
- Andorra la Vella
- Ankara
- Arab League
- Armenia
- Astana
- Atlanta
- Australia
- Austria
- Avignon
- Azerbaijan
- Baku
- Barcelona
- Barnim Plateau
- Bauhaus Archive
- Bavaria
- Beijing
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Belgrade
- Bergen
- Berghain
- Berlin
- Berlin Cathedral
- Berlin State Opera
- Berlin Wall
- Bode Museum
- Bohemia
- Bologna
- Brandenburg
- Brandenburg Gate
- Brazil
- Breitscheidplatz
- Bristol
- Britzer Garten
- Brussels
- Bryggen
- Bucharest
- Budapest
- Buenos Aires
- Bulgaria
- Bundesrat of Germany
- Bundestag
- Canada
- Charité
- Checkpoint Charlie
- China
- City of San Marino
- Copenhagen
- Croatia
- Crown Dependencies
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Darłowo
- Denmark
- Deutsches Theater
- Deventer
- Dublin
- East Berlin
- East Germany
- East Side Gallery
- Elbląg
- Estonia
- Falsterbo
- Faroe Islands
- Finland
- First French Empire
- Fischerinsel
- Florence
- France
- Friedrichstraße
- Funkturm Berlin
- Gdańsk
- Gendarmenmarkt
- Genoa
- German Chancellery
- German Empire
- Germany
- Gibraltar
- Glasgow
- Great Britain
- Great Yarmouth
- Greater Berlin Act
- Greece
- Groningen
- Guernsey
- Guimarães
- Hackesche Höfe
- Hackescher Markt
- Hamburg
- Hamburger Bahnhof
- Hanseatic League
- Helsinki
- Hesse
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ich bin ein Berliner
- Ipswich
- Iran
- Ishtar Gate
- Isle of Man
- Israel
- Istanbul
- Italy
- ITB Berlin
- Jakarta
- Japan
- Jersey
- Jewish Museum Berlin
- Johannesburg
- Kaliningrad
- Kaunas
- Kazakhstan
- Kiev
- Kingston upon Hull
- KitKatClub
- Kosovo
- Kołobrzeg
- Kraków
- Kurfürstendamm
- Königsberg
- Latvia
- Leith
- Liechtenstein
- Lille
- Lithuania
- Liverpool
- Ljubljana
- London
- Longyearbyen
- Los Angeles
- Lower Saxony
- Lustgarten
- Luxembourg
- Madrid
- Malmö
- Malta
- Maribor
- Mariehamn
- Marseille
- Melbourne
- Mexico
- Mexico City
- Minsk
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Montreal
- Moscow
- Museum Island
- Museum of Asian Art
- Müggelberge
- Nazi Germany
- Netherlands
- Neue Nationalgalerie
- Neues Museum
- New Hampshire
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- Nicosia
- Nikolaiviertel
- Nollendorfplatz
- North Nicosia
- Northern Cyprus
- Norway
- Oranienburger Straße
- Oslo
- Paris
- Pergamon Museum
- Podgorica
- Poland
- Polotsk
- Portugal
- Potsdamer Platz
- Prague
- Pristina
- Pécs
- Rathaus Schöneberg
- Reichstag building
- Republic of Ireland
- Reykjavík
- Riga
- Rio de Janeiro
- Romania
- Rome
- Rotes Rathaus
- Rotterdam
- Russia
- Saarland
- Saint Helier
- Saint Peter Port
- Salamanca
- San Marino
- San Sebastián
- Sarajevo
- Saxony
- Schaubühne
- Seoul
- Serbia
- Sibiu
- Skopje
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Sofia
- South Korea
- South Ossetia
- Soviet Union
- Spain
- Stargard Szczeciński
- Stasi Museum
- Stavanger
- Steelyard
- Stepanakert
- Stockholm
- Sukhumi
- Svalbard
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Sydney
- Szczecin
- Słupsk
- Tallinn
- Tartu
- Tashkent
- Tbilisi
- Theater des Westens
- Thessaloniki
- Thuringia
- Tirana
- Tiraspol
- Tokyo
- Toruń
- Transnistria
- Treptow
- Treptower Park
- Tresor
- Tskhinvali
- Turkey
- Turku
- Tórshavn
- Ukraine
- Umeå
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Unter den Linden
- Vaduz
- Valletta
- Vatican City
- Veliky Novgorod
- Vienna
- Viktoriapark
- Vilnius
- Visby
- Volksbühne
- Warsaw
- Weimar Republic
- West Germany
- Windhoek
- Wrocław
- Yerevan
- York
- Yugoslavia
- Zagreb
- Zwin
- Åland Islands
- Adolf Hitler
- Arabs in Berlin
- Austria
- Bertolt Brecht
- Daniel Barenboim
- David Bowie
- Frederick the Great
- Gordon Herbert
- Herbert von Karajan
- Jos Luhukay
- Joseph Stalin
- Klaus Wowereit
- Lothar Zagrosek
- Marlene Dietrich
- Peter Joseph Lenné
- Robert Koch
- Rudolf Virchow
- Russians
- Siemens
- Simon Rattle
- Turks in Berlin
- Turks in Germany
- Uwe Neuhaus
- Willy Brandt
- World War I
Send this Playlist by SMS
Apple Store in Berlin! - BERLIN NEWS #5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:03
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Tut mir lied, dass das Video so spät kommt :/ Themen: 1. Apple Store 0:05 2. Sport-News: Hertha und Eisbären 3:32 3. Tipp: Martin Scorsese Ausstellung 7:04 4...
http://wn.com/Apple_Store_in_Berlin!_BERLIN_NEWS_5
Tut mir lied, dass das Video so spät kommt :/ Themen: 1. Apple Store 0:05 2. Sport-News: Hertha und Eisbären 3:32 3. Tipp: Martin Scorsese Ausstellung 7:04 4...
Refugees March to Berlin Demanding Full Human Rights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Refugees from all over Germany converged on Berlin to demand the stopping of deportation.
http://wn.com/Refugees_March_to_Berlin_Demanding_Full_Human_Rights
Refugees from all over Germany converged on Berlin to demand the stopping of deportation.
- published: 29 Oct 2012
- views: 2586
- author: TheRealNews
Channel 4: Berlin News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 07 May 2013
http://wn.com/Channel_4_Berlin_News
Tote Babys in Berlin... - BERLIN NEWS #3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:59
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Themen: 1. Tote Babys 0:34 2. Erhöhung BVG-Preise 3:07 3. Neues zu Flughäfen 7:30 4. BERLIN_online 9:12 B.A. Turkish: http://www.youtube.com/TurkishBA Facebo...
http://wn.com/Tote_Babys_in_Berlin_BERLIN_NEWS_3
Themen: 1. Tote Babys 0:34 2. Erhöhung BVG-Preise 3:07 3. Neues zu Flughäfen 7:30 4. BERLIN_online 9:12 B.A. Turkish: http://www.youtube.com/TurkishBA Facebo...
- published: 14 Apr 2013
- views: 440
- author: VickyFreaky11
Berliner Hauptbahnhof ist SCHROTT! - BERLIN NEWS #4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:09
- Updated: 13 May 2013
Hallo Leute, Heute eine etwas kürzere Folge, einige wissen vielleicht warum ;) Schönen Sonntag noch :) Themen: 1. Klaas ist Vater geworden 0:04 2. Desaster B...
http://wn.com/Berliner_Hauptbahnhof_ist_SCHROTT!_BERLIN_NEWS_4
Hallo Leute, Heute eine etwas kürzere Folge, einige wissen vielleicht warum ;) Schönen Sonntag noch :) Themen: 1. Klaas ist Vater geworden 0:04 2. Desaster B...
- published: 21 Apr 2013
- views: 822
- author: Vicky Freaky
the berlin wall news cast world history project
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:49
- Updated: 05 Jun 2013
mr.carleton sophmore class.
http://wn.com/the_berlin_wall_news_cast_world_history_project
BERLIN NEWS 1. Folge - Die Mauer muss weg!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:55
- Updated: 19 Apr 2013
Hey Leute, Ich wollte auch mal so ein Nachrichten-Format ausprobieren. Und da ich mich weder mit Videospielen noch mit Waffen oder verrückten Japanpornos aus...
http://wn.com/BERLIN_NEWS_1_Folge_Die_Mauer_muss_weg!
Hey Leute, Ich wollte auch mal so ein Nachrichten-Format ausprobieren. Und da ich mich weder mit Videospielen noch mit Waffen oder verrückten Japanpornos aus...
- published: 31 Mar 2013
- views: 1473
- author: VickyFreaky11
Flughafen BER wird niemals fertig!! -- BERLIN NEWS #2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:43
- Updated: 03 May 2013
Hallo Leute, Ich habe am Anfang vergessen Hallo zu sagen, tut mir leid! Die 2. Folge ist ziemlich lang geworden, aber das Thema Flughafen BER lag mir am Herz...
http://wn.com/Flughafen_BER_wird_niemals_fertig!!_-_BERLIN_NEWS_2
Hallo Leute, Ich habe am Anfang vergessen Hallo zu sagen, tut mir leid! Die 2. Folge ist ziemlich lang geworden, aber das Thema Flughafen BER lag mir am Herz...
- published: 07 Apr 2013
- views: 390
- author: VickyFreaky11
PIP-NEWS 01 - STADTSCHLOSS - BERLIN 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:37
- Updated: 01 Mar 2013
mit Ernst Wolf Abée und Mirco Brahmann. www.schloss-freiheit.de.
http://wn.com/PIP-NEWS_01_STADTSCHLOSS_BERLIN_2013
mit Ernst Wolf Abée und Mirco Brahmann. www.schloss-freiheit.de.
- published: 11 Feb 2013
- views: 563
- author: bndberlin
Luka Magnotta arrested in Berlin - Canada - News - Toronto Sun
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/04/luka-magnotta-arrested-in-berlin MONTREAL - With the words "you got me," Luka Magnotta gave himself up to German police ...
http://wn.com/Luka_Magnotta_arrested_in_Berlin_Canada_News_Toronto_Sun
http://www.torontosun.com/2012/06/04/luka-magnotta-arrested-in-berlin MONTREAL - With the words "you got me," Luka Magnotta gave himself up to German police ...
- published: 04 Jun 2012
- views: 10277
- author: Robert Smith
BERLIN News - Lufthansa Systems, Taylor Lautner, George Clooney
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:55
- Updated: 27 Mar 2013
Trade union rules out strikes at Lufthansa over Easter BERLIN (Reuters) - German trade union Verdi said Deutsche Lufthansa's air traffic over Easter would no...
http://wn.com/BERLIN_News_Lufthansa_Systems,_Taylor_Lautner,_George_Clooney
Trade union rules out strikes at Lufthansa over Easter BERLIN (Reuters) - German trade union Verdi said Deutsche Lufthansa's air traffic over Easter would no...
- published: 27 Mar 2013
- views: 90
- author: WochitBusiness
BERLIN News - Jordan, Mikhail Gorbachev, Boeing, Uwe Hinkel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 11 Mar 2013
Report says Americans are training Syrian rebels in Jordan BERLIN (Reuters) - Americans are training Syrian anti-government fighters in Jordan, the German we...
http://wn.com/BERLIN_News_Jordan,_Mikhail_Gorbachev,_Boeing,_Uwe_Hinkel
Report says Americans are training Syrian rebels in Jordan BERLIN (Reuters) - Americans are training Syrian anti-government fighters in Jordan, the German we...
- published: 11 Mar 2013
- views: 2
- author: WochitGeneralNews
BBC A Modern Art Bunker In Berlin News 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 29 Mar 2013
http://wn.com/BBC_A_Modern_Art_Bunker_In_Berlin_News_2013
BERLIN News - George Clooney, Jordan, Mikhail Gorbachev, Boeing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Updated: 12 Mar 2013
Damon, Goodman, Clooney & Murray -- The Power Dinner Summit The ultimate A-list power dinner went down in Berlin this weekend, when Matt Damon, John Goodman,...
http://wn.com/BERLIN_News_George_Clooney,_Jordan,_Mikhail_Gorbachev,_Boeing
Damon, Goodman, Clooney & Murray -- The Power Dinner Summit The ultimate A-list power dinner went down in Berlin this weekend, when Matt Damon, John Goodman,...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- views: 73
- author: Entertainment News
21.12.2012 Berlin ist zerstört durch Meteoroid! Breaking News Doomsday Berlin!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Meteroid stürzt über Berlin ab! Germany / Berlin gets hit by meteor.
http://wn.com/21122012_Berlin_ist_zerstört_durch_Meteoroid!_Breaking_News_Doomsday_Berlin!
Meteroid stürzt über Berlin ab! Germany / Berlin gets hit by meteor.
- published: 21 Dec 2012
- views: 2006
- author: MrXmeUp
THE LATEST NEWS : Whatever happened to the Berlin Wall?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Whatever happened to the Berlin Wall? - Video on NBCNews.com video.msnbc.msn.com/.../505736... - Estados Unidos - Traduzir esta página 12 horas atrás -- Vide...
http://wn.com/THE_LATEST_NEWS_Whatever_happened_to_the_Berlin_Wall?
Whatever happened to the Berlin Wall? - Video on NBCNews.com video.msnbc.msn.com/.../505736... - Estados Unidos - Traduzir esta página 12 horas atrás -- Vide...
- published: 25 Jan 2013
- views: 20
- author: WTLNews
ITN News : The Berlin Wall Part 1 (1989)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:03
- Updated: 19 May 2013
ITN News : The Berlin Wall Part 1 (1989) Broadcast on Sunday 12th November 1989 on ITV. With Alastair Stewart, Trevor McDonald, David Chater and John Suchet.
http://wn.com/ITN_News_The_Berlin_Wall_Part_1_1989
ITN News : The Berlin Wall Part 1 (1989) Broadcast on Sunday 12th November 1989 on ITV. With Alastair Stewart, Trevor McDonald, David Chater and John Suchet.
- published: 18 Oct 2012
- views: 515
- author: Stephen Rigg
Daily English News - Tearing down world history in Berlin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 30 Mar 2013
http://www.youtube.com/DailyEnglishNews Daily English News Plz Subscrib for Latest News Hundreds of police were deployed before dawn in Berlin, to oversee th...
http://wn.com/Daily_English_News_Tearing_down_world_history_in_Berlin
http://www.youtube.com/DailyEnglishNews Daily English News Plz Subscrib for Latest News Hundreds of police were deployed before dawn in Berlin, to oversee th...
- published: 29 Mar 2013
- views: 6
- author: Daily English News
Ausraster, Berlin 500.000 kleine Krieger, Aram mit Tio Daily News
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Updated: 16 Jun 2013
Hier findet ihr alle Links =D Heute gibts ja ne CK überdosis ^^ LG und nen schönen Samstag 00:00 - 2:25 Youtube Treff Berlin + Youtube Fehlfunktionen http://...
http://wn.com/Ausraster,_Berlin_500000_kleine_Krieger,_Aram_mit_Tio_Daily_News
Hier findet ihr alle Links =D Heute gibts ja ne CK überdosis ^^ LG und nen schönen Samstag 00:00 - 2:25 Youtube Treff Berlin + Youtube Fehlfunktionen http://...
- published: 11 May 2013
- views: 9099
- author: MrSemtexHD
BERLIN News - United States, George Clooney, Jordan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Updated: 12 Mar 2013
Audi's smallest sedan heads to U.S. and China in early 2014 DETROIT/BERLIN (Reuters) - Volkswagen AG's Audi brand next month will unveil its smallest sedan, ...
http://wn.com/BERLIN_News_United_States,_George_Clooney,_Jordan
Audi's smallest sedan heads to U.S. and China in early 2014 DETROIT/BERLIN (Reuters) - Volkswagen AG's Audi brand next month will unveil its smallest sedan, ...
- published: 12 Mar 2013
- author: WochitBusiness
NEW NEWS : Tourism trade expo ITB opens in Berlin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
Tourism trade expo ITB opens in Berlin www.myvidster.com/.../9e69e5da0b68a60797f2... - Traduzir esta página 16 horas atrás -- The International Tourism trade...
http://wn.com/NEW_NEWS_Tourism_trade_expo_ITB_opens_in_Berlin
Tourism trade expo ITB opens in Berlin www.myvidster.com/.../9e69e5da0b68a60797f2... - Traduzir esta página 16 horas atrás -- The International Tourism trade...
- published: 07 Mar 2013
- views: 126
- author: RJ Brenda
Video - David Hasselhoff campaigns to save Berlin Wall - News - jn1.tv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 19 Mar 2013
Former Baywatch and Knight Rider star David Hasselhoff has joined a campaign to protect what remains of the Berlin Wall as a historical monument after local ...
http://wn.com/Video_David_Hasselhoff_campaigns_to_save_Berlin_Wall_News_jn1tv
Former Baywatch and Knight Rider star David Hasselhoff has joined a campaign to protect what remains of the Berlin Wall as a historical monument after local ...
- published: 19 Mar 2013
- views: 95
- author: Helmut Zermin
photo: Public Domain / Good kitty
18 Jun 2013
Pagasa defines a tropical storm as moderate tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 64 to 118 kilometers per hour (kph) ... Satellite image for June 18, 2013, Tuesday (Source. Pagasa) ....(size: 0.9Kb)
photo: AP / MTI, Bea Kallos, File
18 Jun 2013
A court in Hungary has charged one of the most-wanted, alleged Nazi war criminals at the age of 98. After spending much of his post-war life on the run in Canada, Laszlo Csatary had spent his recent years in Hungary. Hungarian prosecutors have charged Laszlo Csatary with war crimes committed during World War Two. They say he helped deport thousands of Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp ... DW.DE ... (23.01.2013) ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: AP / Anthony Devlin
17 Jun 2013
The Russian President, Vladimir Putin, rounded on Britain on Sunday, accusing David Cameron of betraying humanitarian values by supporting Syrian rebels with “blood on their hands”. In harsh and undiplomatic language, Mr Putin accused the UK and other Western powers of attempting to arm rebels who “kill their enemies and eat their organs” ... “There are very serious disagreements in terms of who is guilty and who is to blame,” he said....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP
17 Jun 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear." -Alan Paton. Instead of "Cry, the Beloved Country," perhaps Alan Paton should have written a novel entitled, Cry, the Beloved Continent." ... In South Africa, eight police were suspended for dragging a Mozambique taxi driver to death ... Democratic and peaceful protests in Guinea were just met with bullets ... 95, 96. ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: USAF / Senior Airman Chris Willis
19 Jun 2013
KABUL. The Taliban on Wednesday claimed responsibility for an overnight attack in Afghanistan that killed four US troops, just hours after Washington said its officials would meet the insurgents for talks ... Four soldiers are dead and six others are wounded ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Edit
Voa News
19 Jun 2013
President Barack Obama is visiting Berlin this week, where he will speak at the historic Brandenburg Gate ... The Brandenburg Gate is one of Berlin's most famous landmarks. Built in the late 1700s as a monument to peace, Germany's fall in World War II turned it into a symbol of Cold War division ... Gate, Berlin, Germany....(size: 1.8Kb)
Edit
The Associated Press
19 Jun 2013
BERLIN (AP) -- President Barack Obama is challenging Americans and Europeans not to become complacent even though the Cold War is over....(size: 0.7Kb)
Edit
Seattle Post
19 Jun 2013
BERLIN (AP) — President Barack Obama is challenging Americans and Europeans not to become complacent even though the Cold War is over....(size: 0.6Kb)
Edit
NZ Herald
19 Jun 2013
As US President Barack Obama revisited Berlin last night, he could not escape those anniversaries and the inevitable comparisons of history and personal achievement ... "Ich bin ein Berliner," German for "I am a Berliner" ... - AP By Jim Kuhnhenn in Berlin....(size: 1.3Kb)
Edit
The Washington Times
19 Jun 2013
Kennedy and now President Obama commanded the national stage from Berlin to put their stamp on global relations ... Kennedy coined the “Ich bin ein Berliner” line (I am a ......(size: 1.1Kb)
Edit
Orange News
19 Jun 2013
Obama Speaks In Berlin 50 Years After JFK ... President Barack Obama has pushed for a reduction of the world's nuclear stockpiles in a speech at Berlin's iconic Brandenburg Gate ... "We can say here in Berlin, here in Europe, our values won." ... On June 26, 1963, Mr Kennedy addressed a crowd of 450,000 in Berlin to repudiate communism and famously declare "Ich bin ein Berliner", German for "I am a Berliner"....(size: 2.1Kb)
Edit
noodls
19 Jun 2013
Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH). easyJet is extending its services from Berlin-Schönefeld ... Business travellers and holidaymakers can fly six times a week from Berlin-Schönefeld to London Southend ... "London is not only a supremely popular city break destination, it is also an important destination for business travellers", says Hartmut Mehdorn, Chief Executive Officer of Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH....(size: 2.7Kb)
Edit
London Evening Standard
19 Jun 2013
He addressed a crowd of 450,000 at a time when East Berlin was under oppressive Soviet rule, with the city divided by the Berlin Wall. Mr Kennedy’s declaration, “Ich bin ein Berliner”, which translates as “I am a Berliner”, sent a message that the West would not abandon it. The Brandenburg Gate is now a symbol of reunification....(size: 1.6Kb)
Edit
London Evening Standard
19 Jun 2013
He addressed a crowd of 450,000 at a time when East Berlin was under oppressive Soviet rule, with the city divided by the Berlin Wall. Mr Kennedy’s declaration, “Ich bin ein Berliner”, which translates as “I am a Berliner”, sent a message that the West would not abandon it. The Brandenburg Gate is now a symbol of reunification....(size: 1.6Kb)
Edit
Baltimore Sun
19 Jun 2013
BERLIN (Reuters) - Michelle Obama and her daughters threaded roses through the narrow slots of a Berlin Wall memorial on Wednesday, honoring those who died trying to cross the Cold War barrier at a site which holds special poignancy in the once divided city ... Kennedy visited the west of the city and delivered his famous "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech in which he pledged not to abandon the citizens of Berlin....(size: 2.6Kb)
Edit
U~T San Diego
19 Jun 2013
BERLIN — President Barack ... Presidents from Ronald Reagan to Bill Clinton have used Berlin speeches to talk about freedom and international alliances....(size: 0.8Kb)
Edit
BBC News
19 Jun 2013
This is Mr Obama's first visit to Berlin as American president. Klaus Wowereit, the Mayor of Berlin, and ......(size: 0.6Kb)
This article is about the capital of Germany. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation).
| Berlin | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — State of Germany — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: 52°30′2″N 13°23′56″E / 52.50056°N 13.39889°E / 52.50056; 13.39889Coordinates: 52°30′2″N 13°23′56″E / 52.50056°N 13.39889°E / 52.50056; 13.39889 | |||
| Country | Germany | ||
| Government | |||
| • Governing Mayor | Klaus Wowereit (SPD) | ||
| • Governing parties | SPD / CDU | ||
| • Votes in Bundesrat | 4 (of 69) | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 891.85 km2 (344.35 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 34 m (112 ft) | ||
| Population (30 November 2011)[1] | |||
| • City | 3,499,879 | ||
| • Density | 3,900/km2 (10,000/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 5,963,998 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code(s) | 10001–14199 | ||
| Area code(s) | 030 | ||
| ISO 3166 code | DE-BE | ||
| Vehicle registration | B (for earlier signs see note)[2] | ||
| GDP/ Nominal | € 94.7 billion (2010) [3] | ||
| NUTS Region | DE3 | ||
| Website | berlin.de | ||
Berlin (
/bɜrˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] (
listen)) is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people,[1] Berlin is Germany's largest city and is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union.[4] Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has 5.9 million[5] residents from over 190 nations.[6] Located in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.[7]
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).[8] Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world.[9] After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin—the capital of East Germany—and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989).[10] Following German reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany, hosting 147 foreign embassies.[11][12]
Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science.[13][14][15] Its economy is primarily based on the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, media corporations, and convention venues. Berlin also serves as a continental hub for air and rail transport,[16][17] and is a popular tourist destination.[18] Significant industries include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, electronics, traffic engineering, and renewable energy.
Berlin is home to renowned universities, research institutes, orchestras, museums, and celebrities, as well as host of many sporting events.[19] Its urban settings and historical legacy have made it a popular location for international film productions.[20] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts, public transportation networks and a high quality of living.[21]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Berlin
The origin of the name Berlin is unknown, but it may have its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of today's Berlin, and be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- ("swamp").[22] Folk etymology connects it to the German Bär, a bear, and a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city.
The earliest evidence of settlements in the area of today's Berlin is a wooden beam dated from approximately 1192.[23] The first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920.[24] The central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document, and Berlin, across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel, is referenced in a document from 1244.[23] The former is considered to be the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties and eventually merged in 1307 and came to be known as Berlin.
In 1435, Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440.[25] His successor, Frederick II Irontooth, established Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors. In 1448, citizens rebelled in the "Berlin Indignation" against the construction of a new royal palace by Frederick II Irontooth. This protest was not successful, however, and the citizenry lost many of its political and economic privileges. In 1451 Berlin became the royal residence of the Brandenburg electors, and Berlin had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran.[26]
17th to 19th centuries[link]
The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 devastated Berlin. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population.[27] Frederick William, known as the "Great Elector", who had succeeded his father George William as ruler in 1640, initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious tolerance. With the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Frederick William offered asylum to the French Huguenots. More than 15,000 Huguenots went to Brandenburg, of whom 6,000 settled in Berlin. By 1700, approximately 20 percent of Berlin's residents were French, and their cultural influence on the city was immense.[citation needed] Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg.
With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king (in Königsberg), Berlin became the new capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (instead of Königsberg); this was a successful attempt to centralize the capital in the very outspread Prussian Kingdom, and it was the first time the city began to grow.[citation needed] In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740–1786), came to power. Under the rule of Frederick II Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment.[citation needed] Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city. In 1815 the city became part of the new Province of Brandenburg.
The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main rail hub and economic center of Germany.[citation needed] Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. In 1861, outlying suburbs including Wedding, Moabit, and several others were incorporated into Berlin. In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire. On 1 April 1881 it became a city district separate from Brandenburg.
20th century[link]
At the end of World War I in 1918, a republic was proclaimed in Berlin. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. This new area encompassed Spandau and Charlottenburg in the west, as well as several other areas that are now major municipalities. After this expansion, Berlin had a population of around four million. During the Weimar era, Berlin became internationally renowned as a center of cultural transformation, at the heart of the Roaring Twenties.
On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. Nazi rule destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which had numbered 170,000 before 1933.[citation needed] After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, in early 1943, were shipped to death camps, such as Auschwitz. During World War II, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the Battle of Berlin. Among the hundreds of thousands who died during the Battle for Berlin, an estimated 125,000 were civilians.[28] After the end of the war in Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[29]
All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from 24 June 1948 to 11 May 1949.[30] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but as a corpus separatum it politically was very closely aligned with Federal Republic of Germany despite Berlin's geographic location within East Germany. West Berlin issued its own postage stamps, which were often the same as West German postage stamps but with the additional word "Berlin" added. Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British, and French airlines.
The founding of the two German states increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory and East Germany proclaimed East Berlin (described as "Berlin") as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers. Although only half the size and population of West Berlin, East Berlin included most of the historic center of the city. The West German government, meanwhile, established itself provisionally in Bonn.[31]
As a result of the political and economical tensions brought on by the Cold War, on 13 August 1961, East Germany began building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin and similar barriers around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie on 27 October 1961. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany.
Berlin was completely divided. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other only through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners, travel to West Berlin or West Germany was no longer possible. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany and ended the potential for harassment or closure of the routes.[32]
In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989 and was subsequently mostly demolished, with little of its physical structure remaining today; the East Side Gallery in Friedrichshain near the Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree preserves a portion of the Wall.[citation needed]
On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became the official German capital. In June 1991, the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the seat of the (West) German capital back from Bonn to Berlin, which was completed in 1999.
Geography[link]
Berlin is located in eastern Germany, approximately 60 km (37 mi) west of the Polish border, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. The Berlin–Warsaw Urstromtal (ice age glacial valley), between the low Barnim Plateau to the north and the Teltow Plateau to the south, was formed by meltwater flowing from ice sheets at the end of the last Weichselian glaciation. The Spree follows this valley now. In Spandau, Berlin's westernmost borough, the Spree empties into the river Havel, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and Großer Wannsee. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the Großer Müggelsee in eastern Berlin.[33]
Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley. Large parts of the boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie on the Barnim Plateau, while most of the boroughs Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Neukölln lie on the Teltow Plateau.
The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Glacial Valley and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. The highest elevations in Berlin are the Teufelsberg and the Müggelberge in the city's outskirts, and in the centre the Kreuzberg. While the latter measures 66 m (217 ft) above sea level, the former have both an elevation of about 115 m (377 ft). The Teufelsberg is in fact an artificial hill composed of a pile of rubble from the ruins of World War II.
Climate[link]
Berlin has a humid continental climate according to the Köppen climate classification system.
Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 12–14 °C (54–57 °F). Winters are relatively cold with average high temperatures of 3 °C (37 °F) and lows of -2 to 0 °C (28 to 32 °F). Spring and autumn are generally chilly to mild. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings. Temperatures can be 4 °C (7 °F) higher in the city than in the surrounding areas.[34]
Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Light snowfall mainly occurs from December through March, but snow cover does not usually remain for long. The recent winter of 2009/2010 was an exception as there was a permanent snow cover from late December till early March.[35]
| Climate data for Berlin | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
38.8 (101.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
38.8 (101.8) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
4.4 (39.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.7 (47.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.0 (35.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
1.3 (34.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.7 (58.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
5.9 (42.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25 (−13.0) |
−16 (3.2) |
−13 (8.6) |
−4 (24.8) |
−1 (30.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−7 (19.4) |
−9 (15.8) |
−17 (1.4) |
−25 (−13.0) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 42.3 (1.665) |
33.3 (1.311) |
40.5 (1.594) |
37.1 (1.461) |
53.8 (2.118) |
68.7 (2.705) |
55.5 (2.185) |
58.2 (2.291) |
45.1 (1.776) |
37.3 (1.469) |
43.6 (1.717) |
55.3 (2.177) |
570.7 (22.469) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.0 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 106.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 46.5 | 73.5 | 120.9 | 159.0 | 220.1 | 222.0 | 217.0 | 210.8 | 156.0 | 111.6 | 51.0 | 37.2 | 1,625.6 |
| Source no. 1: World Meteorological Organization (UN)[36] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: HKO[37] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
Berlin's history has left the city with a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings. The city's appearance today is predominantly shaped by the key role it played in Germany's history in the 20th century. Each of the national governments based in Berlin—the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany, and now the reunified Germany—initiated ambitious (re-) construction programs, with each adding its own distinctive style to the city's architecture. Berlin was devastated by bombing raids during World War II, and many of the buildings that had remained after the war were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s in both West and East Berlin. Much of this demolition was initiated by municipal architecture programs to build new residential or business quarters and main roads.
The eastern parts of Berlin have many Plattenbauten, reminders of Eastern Bloc ambitions to create complete residential areas that had fixed ratios of shops, kindergartens and schools to the number of inhabitants.
Architecture[link]
See also: List of tallest buildings in Berlin
The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is among the tallest structures in the European Union at 368 meters (1,207 ft). Built in 1969, it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin. The city can be viewed from its 204 m (669 ft) high observation floor. Starting here the Karl-Marx-Allee heads east, an avenue lined by monumental residential buildings, designed in the Socialist Classicism Style of the Joseph Stalin era. Adjacent to this area is the Rotes Rathaus (City Hall), with its distinctive red-brick architecture. In front of it is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological group of Tritons, personifications of the four main Prussian rivers and Neptune on top of it.
The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. It has recently undergone a restoration.
The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany. It also appears on German euro coins (10 cent, 20 cent, and 50 cent). The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament, renovated in the 1950s after severe World War II damage. The building was again remodeled by British architect Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city.
The Gendarmenmarkt, a neoclassical square in Berlin whose name dates back to the quarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century, is bordered by two similarly designed cathedrals, the Französischer Dom with its observation platform and the Deutscher Dom. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals.
The Museum Island in the River Spree houses five museums build from 1830 to 1930 and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Restoration and the construction of a main entrance to all museums, as well as the reconstruction of the Stadtschloss on the same island[38] is costing over 2 billion Euros since reunification.[39] Also located on the island and adjacent to the Lustgarten and palace is Berlin Cathedral, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. The church is now owned by the Protestant umbrella Union of Evangelical Churches (UEK). Like many other buildings, it suffered extensive damage during the Second World War and had to be restored. Berlin's best preserved medieval Church of St. Mary's is the 1st preaching venue – Memorial Church being the 2nd – of the Bishop of the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO), a Protestant regional church body. St. Hedwig's Cathedral is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral.
Unter den Linden is a tree lined east-west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the site of the former Berliner Stadtschloss, and was once Berlin's premier promenade. Many Classical buildings line the street and part of Humboldt University is located there. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Roaring Twenties. It combines 20th century traditions with the modern architecture of today's Berlin.
Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after 1995 after the Wall came down.[40] To the west of Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum, which houses the Gemäldegalerie, and is flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and the Berliner Philharmonie. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a Holocaust memorial, is situated to the north.[41]
The area around Hackescher Markt is home to the fashionable culture, with countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars, and galleries. This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. Oranienburger Straße and the nearby New Synagogue were the center of Jewish culture before 1933. Although the New Synagogue is still an anchor for Jewish history and culture, Oranienburger straße and surrounding areas are increasingly known for the shopping and nightlife.
The Straße des 17. Juni, connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, serves as central East-West-Axis. Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. Approximately half-way from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated 1938–39 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag.
The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. Nearby on Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. The Rathaus Schöneberg, where John F. Kennedy made his famous "Ich bin ein Berliner!" speech, is situated in Tempelhof-Schöneberg.
West of the center, Schloss Bellevue is the residence of the German President. Schloss Charlottenburg, which was burnt out in the Second World War and largely destroyed, has been rebuilt and is the largest surviving historical palace in Berlin.
The Funkturm Berlin is a 150 m (490 ft) tall lattice radio tower at the fair area, built between 1924 and 1926. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators, and has a restaurant 55 m (180 ft) and an observation deck 126 m (413 ft) above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator.
Politics[link]
Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has his official residence in Schloss Bellevue.[42] Berlin is the seat of the German executive, housed in the Chancellery, the Bundeskanzleramt.
Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government moved back to Berlin in 1998. The Bundesrat ("federal council", performing the function of an upper house) is the representation of the Federal States (Bundesländer) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords. Though most of the ministries are seated in Berlin, some of them, as well as some minor departments, are seated in Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. Discussions to move the remaining branches continue.[43]
City state[link]
The city and state parliament is the House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus), which currently has 141 seats. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). The Senate of Berlin consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Bürgermeister) and up to eight senators holding ministerial positions, one of them holding the official title "Mayor" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election.[44] After the 2011 state election, there is a coalition of the Social Democratic Party with the Christian Democratic Union, and for the first time ever, the Pirate Party won seats in a state parliament in Germany.
The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the city (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Prime Minister of the Federal State (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes). The office of Berlin's Governing Mayor is in the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall). Since 2001 this office has been held by Klaus Wowereit of the SPD.[45]
The total annual state budget of Berlin in 2007 exceeded €20.5 ($28.7) billion including a budget surplus of €80 ($112) million. The figures indicate the first surplus in the history of the city state.[46] Due to increasing growth rates and tax revenues, the Senate of Berlin calculates an increasing budget surplus in 2008. The total budget includes an estimated amount of €5.5 ($7.7) bn, which is directly financed by either the German government or the German Bundesländer.[47] Mainly due to reunification-related expenditures, Berlin as a German state has accumulated more debt than any other city in Germany, with the most current estimate being €60 ($84)bn in December 2007.[48] In 2011, the very high level of public sector debt prompted the Stabilitätsrat von Bund und Ländern (Council for Fiscal Stability of the Federal and Local States) to declare a possible fiscal emergency for the city.[49]
Since German reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states, together with Hamburg and Bremen, among the present 16 states of Germany.
Boroughs[link]
Main article: Boroughs and localities of Berlin
Berlin is subdivided into twelve boroughs (Bezirke), down from 23 boroughs before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. Each borough contains a number of localities (Ortsteile), which often have historic roots in older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920 and became urbanized and incorporated into the city. Many residents strongly identify with their localities or boroughs. At present Berlin consists of 95 localities, which are commonly made up of several city neighborhoods—called Kiez in the Berlin dialect—representing small residential areas.
Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadträte) and a borough mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The borough council is elected by the borough assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). The boroughs of Berlin are not independent municipalities, however. The power of borough governments is limited and subordinate to the Senate of Berlin. The borough mayors form the council of mayors (Rat der Bürgermeister), led by the city's governing mayor, which advises the senate.
The localities have no local government bodies, and the administrative duties of the former locality representative, the Ortsvorsteher, were taken over by the borough mayors.
Sister cities[link]
File:Berlin, New Hampshire-Berlin, Germany letter.jpeg
This letter was sent to Berlin, Germany’s namesake sister city, Berlin, New Hampshire, USA, by Mayor Arthur Scholz in July of 1929
Berlin maintains official partnerships with 17 cities.[50] Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began with Los Angeles in 1967. East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification and later partially reestablished. West Berlin's partnerships had previously been restricted to the borough level. During the Cold War era, the partnerships had reflected the different power blocs, with West Berlin partnering with capitals in the West, and East Berlin mostly partnering with cities from the Warsaw Pact and its allies.
There are several joint projects with many other cities, such as Belgrade, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Johannesburg, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney, and Vienna. Berlin participates in international city associations such as the Union of the Capitals of the European Union, Eurocities, Network of European Cities of Culture, Metropolis, Summit Conference of the World's Major Cities, Conference of the World's Capital Cities. Berlin's official sister cities are:[50]
|
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Berlin
In 2009, the nominal GDP of the citystate Berlin experienced a growth rate of 1.7% (−3.5% in Germany) and totaled €90.1 (~$117) billion.[52] Berlin's economy is dominated by the service sector, with around 80% of all companies doing business in services. The unemployment rate reached a 15-year low in September 2011 and stood at 12.7% (German average: 6.6%).[53]
Fast-growing economic sectors in Berlin include communications, life sciences, and transportation,[citation needed] particularly services that use information and communication technologies, as well as media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology, environmental services, and medical engineering.[54][not in citation given]
The Science and Business Park of Berlin-Adlershof is among the 15 largest technology parks worldwide. Research and development have high economic significance for the city, and the Berlin–Brandenburg region ranks among the top-three innovative regions in the EU.[55]
| 2007 EUROSTAT[56] | Area | Population | Nominal GDP in billion | Nominal GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Berlin |
892 km2 | 344 sq mi | 3,420,000 | € 85 / ~$110 | € 24,900 / ~$32,370 |
 Germany |
357,050 km2 | 137,858 sq mi | 82,000,000 | € 2,482 / ~$3,227 | € 29,500 / ~$38,350 |
 EU27 |
4,325,675 km2 | 1,670,152 sq mi | 498,000,000 | € 12,363 / ~$16,072 | € 24,900 / ~$32,370 |
Companies[link]
Siemens, a Fortune Global 500 company and one of the 30 German DAX companies, is headquartered in Berlin. The state-owned railway, Deutsche Bahn, has its headquarters in Berlin as well.[57] Many German and international companies have business or service centres in the city.
Among the 20 largest employers in Berlin are the Deutsche Bahn, the hospital provider, Charité, the local public transport provider, BVG, and the service provider, Dussmann and the Piepenbrock Group. Daimler manufactures cars, and BMW builds motorcycles in Berlin. Bayer Health Care and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies headquartered in the city. The second largest German airline Air Berlin is also headquartered in Berlin.[58]
Tourism[link]
Berlin has 746 hotels with 112,400 beds as of the end of 2010. The city recorded 20.8 million overnight hotel stays and 9.1 million hotel guests in the same year.[18] Berlin has a yearly total of about 135 million day visitors, which puts it in third place among the most-visited city destinations in the European Union.[citation needed]
Berlin is among the top three convention cities in the world and is home to Europe's biggest convention center, the Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC).[16] Several large-scale trade fairs like the IFA, Grüne Woche ("Green Week"), InnoTrans, Artforum and the ITB are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors.
Creative industries[link]
Industries that do business in the creative arts and entertainment are an important and sizable sector of the economy of Berlin. The creative arts sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software[59], TV, radio, and video games. Around 22,600 creative enterprises, predominantly SMEs, generated over 18,6 billion Euro in total revenue. Berlin's creative industries have contributed an estimated 20% of Berlin's gross domestic product in 2005.[60] The German headquarter of Universal Music is based in Berlin.
Infrastructure[link]
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Berlin
Berlin's transportation infrastructure is highly complex, providing a diverse range of urban mobility.[61] A total of 979 bridges cross 197 kilometers of inner-city waterways, 5,334 kilometers (3,314 mi) of roads run through Berlin, of which 73 kilometers (45 mi) are motorways ("Autobahn").[55] In 2006, 1.416 million motor vehicles were registered in the city.[62] With 358 cars per 1000 residents in 2008 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a German state and as a major European city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita.[63]
Long-distance rail lines connect Berlin with all of the major cities of Germany and with many cities in neighboring European countries. Regional rail lines provide access to the surrounding regions of Brandenburg and to the Baltic Sea. The Berlin Hauptbahnhof is the largest grade-separated rail station in Europe.[64] Deutsche Bahn runs trains to domestic destinations like Hamburg, Munich, Cologne and others. It also runs an airport express rail service, as well as trains to international destinations like Moscow, Vienna, Amsterdam, and Malmö.
The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe and the Deutsche Bahn manage several dense urban public transport systems.[65]
| System | Stations/ Lines/ Net length | Passengers per year | Operator/ Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| S-Bahn | 166 / 15 / 331 km (206 mi) | 376 million | DB/ Mainly overground rail system. Some suburban stops. |
| U-Bahn | 173 / 10 / 147 km (91 mi) | 457 million | BVG/ Mainly underground rail system. 24hour-service on weekends. |
| Tram | 398 / 22 / 192 km (119 mi) | 171 million | BVG/ Operates predominantly in eastern boroughs. |
| Bus | 2627 / 147 / 1,626 km (1,010 mi) | 407 million | BVG/ Extensive services in all boroughs. 46 Night Lines |
| Ferry | 6 lines | BVG/ All modes of transport can be accessed with the same ticket.[66] |
- Airports
 |
 |
|
|
Tegel International Airport (left). The new Berlin Brandenburg Airport starts operation on 17th March 2013
|
||
Berlin has two commercial airports. Tegel Airport (TXL), which lies within the city limits, and Schönefeld Airport (SXF), which is situated just outside Berlin's south-eastern border in the state of Brandenburg. Both airports together handled 22.3 million passengers in 2010. In 2011, 88 airlines serve 164 destinations in 54 countries from Berlin.[67] Tegel Airport is the European hub of Air Berlin, whereas Schönefeld services mainly low-cost airline travel.
Berlin's airport authority planned to transfer all of Berlin's air traffic in 2012 to a newly built airport at Schönefeld, to be renamed Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER).[68] However, due to technical difficulties, the opening has been delayed till 17 March 2013.[69]
- Cycling
Main article: Cycling in Berlin
Berlin is well known for its highly developed bike (cycle) lane system.[70] It is estimated that Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1000 residents. Around 500,000 daily bike riders accounted for 13% of total traffic in 2009.[71] Riders have access to 620 km (390 mi) of bike paths including approx. 150 km (93 mi) mandatory bicycle paths, 190 km (120 mi) off-road bicycle routes, 60 km (37 mi) of bike lanes on the roads, 70 km (43 mi) of shared bus lanes which are also open to bicyclists, 100 km (62 mi) of combined pedestrian/bike paths and 50 km (31 mi) of marked bike lanes on the sidewalks.[72]
Energy[link]
Berlin's energy is mainly supplied by the Swedish firm Vattenfall, which relies more heavily than other electricity producers on lignite as an energy source. Because burning lignite produces harmful emissions, Vattenfall has announced its commitment to transitioning to cleaner sources, such as